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The outer surface of a beaker containing ice cubes becomes wet in short while - Give scientific reason.

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Question  The outer surface of a beaker containing ice cubes becomes wet in short while. Answer  When ice cubes are placed in a beaker, ice starts melting.  The heat required for melting is absorbed from the surrounding air and also from the beaker to some extent.  Hence, the temperature of the air and beaker falls.  The capacity of air to hold water vapour depends upon the temperature of the air, and this capacity decreases as the temperature decreases.  At a certain low temperature, the surrounding air becomes saturated with water vapour present in it.  As the temperature falls further, the air is unable to hold all the water vapour.  Hence, the extra water vapour starts condensing on the cold outer surface of the beaker in the form of minute drops.  Therefore, The outer surface of the beaker containing ice cubes becomes wet in a short while.
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In the electric equipment producing heat e.g. iron, electric heater, boiler, toaster, etc. an alloy such as Nichrome is used, not pure metals - Give scientific reason.

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Question

In the electric equipment producing heat e.g. iron, electric heater, boiler, toaster, etc. an alloy such as Nichrome is used, not pure metals

Answer

The working of heating devices such as a toaster and an electric iron is based on the heating effect of the electric current, i.e., conversion of electric  energy into heat by passage of electric current through a metallic conductor. 

An alloy, such as Nichrome, has high resistivity and it can be heated to high temperature without oxidation, in contrast to pure metals. Therefore, the coils in heating devices such as toaster and an electric iron are made of an alloy, such as Nichrome, rather than a pure metal.

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