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The outer surface of a beaker containing ice cubes becomes wet in short while - Give scientific reason.

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Question  The outer surface of a beaker containing ice cubes becomes wet in short while. Answer  When ice cubes are placed in a beaker, ice starts melting.  The heat required for melting is absorbed from the surrounding air and also from the beaker to some extent.  Hence, the temperature of the air and beaker falls.  The capacity of air to hold water vapour depends upon the temperature of the air, and this capacity decreases as the temperature decreases.  At a certain low temperature, the surrounding air becomes saturated with water vapour present in it.  As the temperature falls further, the air is unable to hold all the water vapour.  Hence, the extra water vapour starts condensing on the cold outer surface of the beaker in the form of minute drops.  Therefore, The outer surface of the beaker containing ice cubes becomes wet in a short while.
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Newtons Universal law of Gravitation.

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Newtons Universal law of Gravitation.



 
All the above consideration including Kepler's law led Newton to formulate his theory of Universal Gravity. According to this theory, every object in the universe attracts every other object with a definite force. This force is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects and is inversely proportional to the square of a distance between them.

what is weightlessness in space

This given figure shows two objects with masses m1 and m2 kept at a distance from each other. Mathematically, the Gravitational force of attraction between these two bodies can be written as 

Here, G is the constant of proportionality and is called Universal gravitational constant.

The above law means that if the mass of one object is doubled, the force decreases by a factor of 4. If the two bodies are spherical, the direction of the force is always along the line joining the center of the two bodies and the distance between the centers is taken to be d. In the case when the bodies are not spherical or have irregular shape, then the direction of a force is along the line joining their center of a mass and d is taken to be the distance between the two centers of mass. 

Gravitational waves 

It can be seen that the value of G is the gravitational force acting between to unit masses kept at a unit distance away from each other. Thus, in SI units, the value of G is equal to the Gravitational force between two masses of 1kg kept 1m apart.

That in SI units, the unit of G is Newton m^2 kg^_2. The value of G was first experimentally measured by Henry Cavendish. In SI units its value is 6.673x10^_11Nm^2Kg^_2.

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